Technical

CO2 Emissions MRV

Explore the monitoring, reporting and verification expectations that support defensible CORSIA data.

Last updated Jun 16, 2026 Guidance hub

Latest regulatory updates

What changed recently

TechnicalJan 1, 2024

ICAO

ICAO Annex 16 Volume IV Reinforces CO₂ MRV Requirements

The Second Edition of ICAO Annex 16, Volume IV establishes the current global requirements for Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) under CORSIA, strengthening expectations for monitoring plans, emissions reporting, independent verification and data quality management.

Impact on aircraft operators: Aircraft operators should ensure their Emissions Monitoring Plans, internal controls and annual emissions reporting procedures remain aligned with the current ICAO SARPs to support successful verification and regulatory compliance.
CORSIAMRVICAOAnnex 16VerificationMonitoring PlanCO₂
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What operators should know

Practical guidance for compliance teams

What operators should know

What changed?

MRV expectations are becoming more explicit about data lineage, reconciliation and evidence retention.

Why is it important?

Defensible data is essential for internal controls, external reviews and claims credibility.

Who is affected?

Operators preparing annual CORSIA reports and internal sustainability disclosures.

When does it apply?

This applies at the point of data collection, aggregation and submission.

What action should operators take?

Standardise data definitions and review source data quality before formal reporting.

Risks of non-compliance

Weak MRV controls can undermine the reliability of the final submission.

Emissence insight

Emissence insight

Operators should design MRV controls as a repeatable operating process rather than an annual project.

Common mistakes operators make

  • Maintain a clear line from flight operations to reported emissions.
  • Use monthly reconciliations to catch anomalies quickly.
  • Keep evidence linked to each reported value.

Recommended actions

  • Define a single reporting dictionary for all operational datasets.
  • Set ownership for each data source and review step.
  • Archive evidence in a structured format for audit readiness.

Need help understanding how this regulation affects your airline?

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