UK ETS — Frequently Asked Questions
UK Emissions Trading Scheme — post-Brexit carbon compliance for aircraft operators on UK routes.
What is the UK ETS?+
The UK Emissions Trading System (UK ETS) is a cap-and-trade scheme that requires aircraft operators flying within the United Kingdom, UK to EEA and Switzerland to monitor, report, and surrender allowances for their CO₂ emissions.
Which flights are covered under UK ETS?+
Flights between airports within the UK are covered. Since 2024, intra-UK flights as well as flights to/from the UK and Switzerland are included under the "Full Scope" framework.
What are UKAs (UK Allowances)?+
UKAs are the currency of UK ETS. Each allowance permits the operator to emit one tonne of CO₂. Operators must surrender enough UKAs to cover their verified annual emissions by 30 April each year.
Are free allowances still available in 2026?+
Free allowances for aviation are being phased out. From 2026, operators must purchase a greater proportion of their allowances at auction. The phase-out is designed to be complete by 2026.
What is a Monitoring Plan and do I need one?+
Yes. All aircraft operators covered by UK ETS must have an approved Monitoring Plan in place before the monitoring year begins. It describes how emissions will be calculated and reported.
What happens if I miss the surrender deadline?+
Failure to surrender sufficient allowances results in a penalty of €100 per tonne of excess CO₂, plus the shortfall must still be surrendered. The operator's name is also published publicly.
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